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Passive
behaviour - Behaviour of someone who
offers no resistance and is likely to be lead by a more assertive person
Passive-aggressive behaviour - Someone
who offers neither resistance nor co-operation
Periodic
assessment - An assessment in which the
quality system is subject to system maintenance monitoring between periods
and complete re-assessment at the end of each period
Plan
- Provisions made to achieve and objective
Plan, Do
Check Act (PDCA) - A methodology for
developing capable processes
Planned
arrangements - All the arrangements made
by the supplier to achieve the customer’s requirements. They include the
documented policies and procedures and the documents derived from such
policies and procedures
Planning audit
- An audit performed to verify that the organisation’s plans or proposals
for supplying a product or service would, if properly implemented result
in product or service that complies with specified requirements.
For more on auditing see
Auditor Questions
Policy
- A guide to thinking, action and decision. Policies can exist at any
level in an organisation from corporate level to the lowest level where
activities are performed
Policy
audit - An audit performed to verify that
the documented policies of an organisation promulgate the requirements of
the market and the objectives of the business
Positive
recall - A means of recovering an entity
by giving it a unique identity
Positively identified - An identification
given to an entity for a specific purpose that is both unique and readily
visible
Potential nonconformity - A situation
that if left alone will in time result in nonconformity
Predictive maintenance - Work scheduled
to monitor machine condition, predict pending failure and make repairs on
an as-needed basis
Pre-launch - A phase in the development
of a product between design validation and full production (sometimes
called pre-production) during which the production processes are validated
Prevent
- To stop something from occurring by a deliberate planned action
Preventive action - Action proposed or
taken to stop something from occurring. (see also ISO 9000 clause 3.6.4)
Preventive maintenance
- Maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals to
reduce the probability of failure or performance degradation; e.g.
replacing oil filters ate defined intervals
Procedure
- A sequence of steps to execute a routine activity or task. (see also ISO
9000 clause 3.4.5). Procedures prescribe how one should proceed in certain
circumstances in order to produce a desired output. They only work were no
judgment is necessary.
For more on the difference between procedures and processes
see
Converting a QMS using the Process Approach
Process
- A set of interrelated activities, behaviours and resources that achieves a
result.
Also see
Business Process.
A managed process
is a set of interrelated activities, behaviours and resources that achieves a
desired result. For more on processes see
A Guide to Process Management
Process approach
- An approach to a subject that treats the objective of the subject as a
result that is generated by a process. Therefore, if the subject is
auditing the process approach to auditing would be an approach that treats
the objective of the audit as a result (e.g. verification of conformity
with some standard or other) and sets out to apply an effective process
for achieving this result. A process approach to management would be an
approach that treats the management objectives as results and sets out to
apply an effective process for achieving those results.
The process approach is not simply converting inputs
into outputs. Not all processes do this
Process audit - an
examination of results to determine whether the activities, resources and
behaviours that cause them are being managed efficiently and effectively.
A process audit is not simply following a trail through a department from
input to output - this is a transaction audit. Processes generate results
therefore for an audit to be a process audit it has to establish whether
the results are being generated by an effectively managed process.
Process
capability - The ability of a process to
maintain product characteristics within preset limits
Process
description - A set of information that
describes the characteristics of a process in terms of its purpose,
objectives, design features, inputs, activities, resources, behaviours,
outputs, constraints and the measurements undertaken to obtain data with
which to manage the process
Process
management - The planning, organization
and control of those processes in a business that contribute to the
delivery of business outputs
Process
mapping - A method of describing processes by use of flow
charts. The charts can be stacked in parent and child layers where each
layer represents a flow chart of the activities and decisions between the
interfaces associated with an activity or decision on the parent chart.
For more on process
mapping see
Converting a QMS using the Process Approach
Process
model - A model showing the key elements of process management
Process
parameters - Those variables, boundaries
or constants of a process that restrict or determine the results
Product
- Anything produced by human effort, natural or Man made processes.
Result of activities or processes (ISO 9000)
Product
realization - All those processes and
resources necessary to transform a set of requirements into a product or
service that fulfil the requirements.
For more on product realization see
Quality System Handbook
Production
- The creation of products
Project
- A planned undertaking to achieve a specified result by a given date
Project
phases - The distinct periods through which a project passes
from its launch to completion. Each phase has a measurable objective with
defined deliverables to judge completion.
Proprietary designs - Designs exclusively
owned by the supplier and not sponsored by an external customer
Prototype - A model of a design that is
both physically and functionally representative of the design standard for
production and used to verify and validate the design
Purchaser - One who buys from another
Purchasing
documents - Documents that contain the supplier's purchasing
requirements |
